10 things to know before travelling to Colombia
Discover essential tips for a memorable trip to Colombia, from safety advice to cultural insights and must-see attractions.

Planning a trip to Colombia? Whether you're drawn by its rich culture, stunning landscapes, or vibrant cities, this South American gem promises unforgettable experiences. However, before you pack your bags, it's essential to get acquainted with some crucial information. **This article will guide you through the top 10 things you need to know before traveling to Colombia**, ensuring you're well-prepared for an enjoyable and smooth journey. From understanding local customs to navigating transportation, these tips will help you make the most of your Colombian adventure.
Essentials
- Currency Insights: The Colombian peso (COP) is the official currency; familiarize yourself with exchange rates.
- Vaccination Requirements: Yellow fever vaccine may be necessary depending on your itinerary.
- Weather Conditions: Diverse climates ranging from tropical along the coast to cooler in the Andean region.
- Language Facts: Spanish is the official language; learning basic phrases can be highly beneficial.
- Cultural Norms: Colombians value politeness and friendliness; a good impression goes a long way.
- Safety Tips: Certain areas require caution; familiarize yourself with local safety advice.
- Travel Insurance: Highly recommended to cover unexpected medical or travel-related expenses.
- Transport Options: Extensive bus networks and affordable domestic flights are available.
- Food and Drink: Savor traditional dishes like "arepas" and enjoy local coffee plantations.
- Historical Sites and Natural Beauty: Explore gems like Cartagena's walled city and Medellín's transformation.
Cultural Etiquette
### Greetings and Formalities
In Colombia, formal greetings are an important part of everyday interactions. Colombians appreciate when visitors show respect by greeting them properly. A firm handshake is customary when meeting someone for the first time. Smiling and making eye contact are also key for creating a friendly impression. In some social situations, a light kiss on the cheek might be common, especially among friends or acquaintances.
Learning a few common phrases can go a long way in making connections. Saying “Hola” for “Hello” is a simple start. When meeting or leaving, you might say “Buenos días” for “Good morning,” “Buenas tardes” for “Good afternoon,” and “Buenas noches” for “Good evening.” To be polite, you can add “¿Cómo estás?” which means “How are you?” These small efforts are always appreciated.
### Family and Social Norms
Family plays a central role in Colombian culture. Family ties are strong, and gatherings often include extended relatives. It’s common for several generations to live together or near each other. Understanding this value can deepen your appreciation for the local culture.
Social interactions in Colombia are generally warm and welcoming. Friends and family often gather around meals, enjoying laughter and conversation. Hospitality is a cherished tradition. If you are invited to a Colombian home, expect a gracious welcome and be sure to bring a small gift, like flowers or chocolates, to express your gratitude. Colombians are known for being generous hosts, making visitors feel like part of their extended family.
Language
Official Language
When you travel to Colombia, knowing some Spanish can make a big difference. Spanish is the official language, and it is spoken by most people you’ll meet. You’ll find that making an effort to speak Spanish shows respect for the local culture and can help you connect with people more easily. Here are some key phrases you might find useful:
- Hola – Hello
- ¿Cómo estás? – How are you?
- Gracias – Thank you
- Por favor – Please
- Lo siento – I’m sorry
Even if your pronunciation isn’t perfect, locals will appreciate your effort!
Language Variations
Colombia is a large country with many regions, so you’ll notice different accents and expressions as you travel. In Bogotá, the capital, people often speak more formally than in coastal areas, where the pace is more relaxed. This regional difference can make the language feel fresh and interesting as you move around the country.
Besides Spanish, Colombia is home to several indigenous languages, with over 60 spoken by various indigenous groups. While you’re unlikely to need these languages unless you venture into specific communities, it’s fascinating to know they exist, showcasing the rich cultural diversity of the country.
Having a grasp of these language nuances can enhance your travel experience, giving you deeper insight into the local culture and helping you navigate your adventures in Colombia with more confidence and ease.
Currency and Banking
### Currency Basics
When traveling to Colombia, it’s essential to familiarize yourself with the local currency, the Colombian Peso. The Colombian Peso is abbreviated as COP, and you’ll see it represented with the dollar sign followed by a number, so don’t be confused if you see prices like this: $1,000 COP. It’s important to remember that denominations can range from 50 pesos, which are coins, to bills as large as 100,000 pesos. Handling cash is pretty straightforward, but be cautious with large bills. Always ensure you get the correct change, and try to carry smaller denominations for convenience, especially when shopping in marketplaces or using public transport.
### Money Exchange and ATMs
Exchanging money in Colombia is generally safe when done in the right places. Airports and official exchange centers or “cambios” offer reliable options for currency exchange. However, they may not always provide the best exchange rates. It’s a good idea to compare rates at different places. ATMs are widely available in cities and towns, providing a convenient way to withdraw local currency. Remember to notify your bank before traveling to avoid any service interruptions. While credit cards are accepted in many establishments, especially in urban areas, it’s always handy to have some cash. Just ensure you’re using ATMs in secure, well-lit areas, preferably during the day.
Safety
### Common Safety Tips
Traveling to Colombia can be a thrilling adventure with its vibrant cities and breathtaking landscapes. However, it’s important to stay aware of your surroundings to ensure a safe experience. First, always keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas like markets and buses. It’s a good idea to use a money belt or a secure bag to protect your valuables. When exploring cities, stick to well-lit and populated areas, particularly at night.
It’s also wise to use trusted transportation options. While public transport is generally safe, using reputable ride-sharing services or taxis recommended by your hotel can add an extra layer of security. Make sure the taxi is registered and avoid getting into a vehicle with someone who approaches you on the street.
### Emergency Contacts
Being prepared for emergencies makes all the difference. Memorize or store local emergency numbers in your phone. In Colombia, you can call 123 for police, ambulance, or fire services. Having these numbers handy can provide peace of mind.
Knowing the location and contact information of your country’s embassy or consulate is equally important. They can offer assistance in case of lost passports, legal troubles, or urgent situations. Always check their websites for the latest contact details and emergency services they provide.
By staying alert, using trusted resources, and having essential contacts at your fingertips, you can enjoy your Colombian adventure with added confidence and safety.
Health and Vaccinations
### Recommended Vaccinations
Before you pack your bags for Colombia, make sure to check out the vaccinations recommended for your trip. While there are no mandatory vaccines just for entering the country, it’s smart to consider a few key ones. You’ll likely need up-to-date shots for diseases like Hepatitis A and B, Typhoid, and Yellow Fever, especially if you plan to visit rural or jungle areas. These vaccines help protect you from illnesses that you might not encounter at home. Also, make sure you have a current influenza vaccine and your routine immunizations are up to date, like Tetanus. Taking these precautions is a good step towards staying healthy during your adventures in Colombia.
### Health Care Accessibility
Health care in Colombia is quite accessible, especially in major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena, where you’ll find modern hospitals and clinics. If you need medical attention, these facilities are well-equipped to help you. It’s a good idea to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, too. Travel insurance not only offers peace of mind but can also help with unexpected health-related costs. Keep a list of nearby hospitals when you know where you’re going to be staying. This planning makes it easier to get help in case of an emergency, allowing you to focus on enjoying your trip.
Transportation
Public Transportation
Colombia has a variety of public transportation options, ranging from buses to metro systems, offering visitors a convenient way to explore the country. In major cities like Bogotá and Medellín, local buses, known as “buses” or “colectivos,” are popular among commuters. These buses can be colorful and lively, providing an authentic experience of Colombian daily life. Medellín is famous for its modern metro system, which is clean, efficient, and easy to navigate. It’s a great way to travel quickly across the city while avoiding traffic jams.
When using taxis, it’s essential to choose reliable options. Consider booking through ride-sharing apps like Uber or Cabify, as these services offer upfront pricing and generally have a track record of safety. It’s always a good idea to ensure the driver knows your destination before getting into the taxi, and having clear instructions in Spanish can be beneficial.
Domestic Flights
With its varied landscapes and far-flung cities, Colombia’s domestic flights provide a quick and efficient way to travel longer distances. Colombia has a number of key airports, with the main one being El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá. Other major airports include José María Córdova in Medellín and Rafael Núñez in Cartagena. These airports provide numerous flights across the country.
Major airlines like Avianca, LATAM, and Viva Air offer various options for air travel within Colombia. It’s wise to book flights in advance to secure the best rates, especially during peak travel seasons. Additionally, each airline may have different baggage policies, so be sure to check these beforehand to avoid extra fees.
Climate and Geography
Climate Zones
Colombia is a country with a fascinating variety of climate zones, thanks to its diverse geography. You might be surprised to know that there are no distinct seasons like summer or winter. Instead, the climate is largely determined by altitude. In the coastal areas, such as Cartagena and Santa Marta, you’ll experience a tropical climate, which means it’s warm and humid all year round. These regions are perfect for beach lovers, so make sure to pack light and breathable clothing.
As you move towards the Andes mountains, cities like Bogotá and Medellín are located at higher altitudes. Bogotá, the capital, has a cool, spring-like climate almost year-round, with temperatures that can dip in the evenings. Medellín, on the other hand, is known as the “City of Eternal Spring” due to its pleasant temperatures and moderate rainfall. In these areas, it’s wise to bring a jacket for the cooler evenings, even if the day starts out warm.
Then, there’s the Amazon Rainforest in the southern part of Colombia, where you’ll find hot and humid conditions. If you’re planning a jungle adventure, prepare for sudden rain showers and high humidity. Packing waterproof clothing and sturdy boots is recommended.
Natural Attractions
Colombia is bursting with natural beauty, offering countless outdoor activities and stunning sights. If you’re an outdoor enthusiast, Tayrona National Park on the Caribbean coast is a must-visit. Home to beautiful beaches and lush forests, it’s perfect for hiking, swimming, and wildlife spotting. Don’t forget to explore the Lost City, an ancient archaeological site shrouded in dense jungle.
For those drawn to mountains, the Cocora Valley, with its towering wax palm trees and misty surroundings, provides a picturesque backdrop for hiking. It’s part of the larger Coffee Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where you can also learn about coffee production and sample fresh brews.
The rivers of Colombia also offer exciting adventures. The Caño Cristales, known as the “River of Five Colors,” is a spectacular sight due to the vibrant plants beneath its crystal-clear waters, especially during the wet season. For the daring, Colombia’s rivers are ideal for white-water rafting, kayaking, or even fishing.
No matter where you choose to go, Colombia’s diverse geography ensures there’s something awe-inspiring for every traveler. Whether it’s basking on a sunlit beach, trekking through misty mountains, or adventuring deep into the jungle, you’ll experience the country’s varied climates and stunning landscapes. Pack accordingly and ensure your camera is ready to capture the breathtaking vistas!
Food and Drink
### Traditional Cuisine
When visiting Colombia, diving into the local cuisine is like embarking on a flavorful adventure. You’ll discover an array of traditional dishes that offer a taste of the country’s rich heritage. One must-try delight is *arepas*, a round, flat cornmeal cake that’s slightly crispy on the outside and soft inside. Colombians often enjoy it with cheese, avocado, or even eggs.
Another delectable dish is *bandeja paisa*, which is a hearty meal featuring a colorful platter of beans, rice, ground beef, chorizo, fried egg, and avocado, with a crispy slice of plantain on the side. It’s a feast for both the eyes and the stomach. For something lighter, *ajiaco* is a comforting soup made with chicken, different types of potatoes, and a sprinkle of capers, served hot and satisfying.
Colombia also boasts a vibrant street food scene. Snack on *empanadas*, fried pastries filled with beef or chicken, best enjoyed with spicy *aji* sauce. Be adventurous and try *churros with arequipe*, a sweet treat often available in bustling markets.
### Drinking Water
While you’re exploring Colombia’s cities and natural wonders, it’s vital to stay refreshed. However, tap water safety varies across the country. In major cities like Bogotá and Medellín, tap water is generally safe to drink. But, in rural areas, it’s wise to stick to bottled water, just to be on the safe side.
Colombia also offers a variety of popular beverages beyond plain water. Sip on a cup of rich Colombian coffee, renowned worldwide for its smooth, aromatic flavor. If you prefer something fruitier, *jugos naturales* or natural fruit juices are widely available, often made fresh from exotic fruits you might not find at home, like *lulo* or *guanabana*. Finally, for a fizzy option, give *Colombiana* soda a try—it’s a sweet, golden drink that Colombians adore.
Exploring the food and drink scene in Colombia is like opening a window to its culture. With every bite and sip, you’ll learn something new about this welcoming and vibrant country. Enjoy your Columbian culinary journey!
Shopping and Souvenirs
Traditional Markets
Exploring traditional markets in Colombia is an exciting adventure. These bustling centers are filled with colorful stalls and lively vendors, creating a vibrant atmosphere. In places like Paloquemao in Bogotá or Bazurto in Cartagena, you can find a wide variety of items. Look for handmade crafts, such as woven bags and pottery, which are popular choices. These items not only make unique souvenirs, but they also support local artisans and showcase Colombia’s rich cultural heritage.
If you’re interested in fashion, keep an eye out for the beautifully woven “mochilas,” which are colorful bags that reflect indigenous artistry. The intricate patterns and bright colors of these bags make them both functional and eye-catching. You can also find artisanal jewelry made from local materials, like Tagua nut, known as “vegetable ivory,” which is both sustainable and stylish.
Don’t be shy about bargaining when you shop in these markets. It’s a common practice, and many sellers expect it, so feel free to negotiate prices. Just remember to be respectful and have fun with it. Bargaining can be part of the cultural experience, and you might even make a new friend.
Modern Shopping Malls
For a more contemporary shopping experience, Colombia’s modern shopping malls offer a variety of goods. Malls like Andino in Bogotá and Santafé in Medellín are popular choices. These centers feature international brands, so you’re likely to find some familiar names. The malls often have a mix of fashion, electronics, and home goods, making them convenient if you’re looking for specific items.
Apart from shopping, many malls offer entertainment options like movie theaters and restaurants, which can be a great way to spend a relaxing afternoon. Whether you’re looking to shop or just unwind, Colombian malls provide a comfortable and accessible environment for both.
As you explore, take advantage of the opportunity to try Colombian coffee. Many malls have cafes where you can enjoy a fresh cup of locally sourced brew. It’s a perfect way to take a break and experience one of Colombia’s most famous exports.
Festivals and Events
Major Festivals
Colombia is a country full of vibrant and colorful festivals that celebrate its diverse culture and rich history. One of the most famous events is the Carnaval de Barranquilla, which takes place every February. It’s a UNESCO-recognized event known for parades, music, and dance. The streets come alive with the sound of cumbia, a traditional Colombian rhythm, while people dress in elaborate costumes that reflect local folklore.
Another festival you shouldn’t miss is the Feria de las Flores in Medellín, held each August. This event is all about flowers, as Medellín transforms into a floral wonderland. A highlight of the fair is the “Silleteros Parade”, featuring farmers who carry large flower arrangements on their backs. It’s a beautiful spectacle that showcases the region’s flower-growing heritage.
Don’t forget the Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro in Bogotá, a huge theater festival that occurs every two years. It gathers performers from around the world, offering a wide range of plays, from classical to contemporary. It’s a fantastic opportunity to experience the global theater scene right in Colombia’s capital.
Public Holidays
While planning your trip, keep in mind that Colombia celebrates numerous public holidays. Many are tied to religious observances, reflecting the country’s Catholic heritage. Semana Santa or Holy Week, is one of the most significant, and many businesses close as Colombians observe this important time. During this period, you’ll find processions and religious services throughout the country.
Other notable holidays include Independence Day on July 20th, commemorating Colombia’s freedom from Spanish rule. It’s a day filled with parades and patriotic celebrations. Also, the Day of the Little Candles, celebrated on December 7th, marks the unofficial start of the Christmas season. Streets and homes are lit up with candles and lanterns, creating a warm and magical atmosphere.
Remember, during these holidays, transportation and tourist services might be busier than usual, so plan accordingly. Being aware of these events can enhance your travel experience, allowing you to participate in and enjoy Colombia’s vibrant cultural life.
Takeaways
- Visa Requirements: Research Colombia's visa requirements well in advance to ensure smooth entry. For most countries, a short stay of up to 90 days doesn’t require a visa, but confirm according to your nationality.
- Safety Precautions: Stay informed about safety in Colombia. Major cities like Bogotá, Medellín, and Cartagena are generally safe for tourists, but remain cautious and avoid isolated areas.
- Currency and Payments: Familiarize yourself with the Colombian peso. Credit cards are widely accepted in urban areas, though carrying cash is advisable for rural regions. Always use official banks or ATMs.
- Language Basics: Spanish is the official language. Learning some basic phrases will enhance your experience, as English is not widely spoken outside of tourist areas.
- Weather Variation: Colombia has diverse climates. Check the weather for your specific destinations, as Bogotá is cooler while Cartagena and the Caribbean coast are warmer.
- Health and Vaccinations: Check recommended vaccinations for Colombia, such as yellow fever and hepatitis A. Keep basic health precautions in mind, especially concerning water and food quality.
- Transportation Options: Explore various transportation options. Domestic flights are efficient for longer distances, while buses and local taxis work well within cities.
- Local Cuisine: Try traditional Colombian dishes like arepas, bandeja paisa, and ajiaco. Street food is safe to try in well-frequented areas.
- Cultural Etiquette: Respect local customs and etiquette. Colombians are known for their hospitality. Dress modestly when visiting religious sites and always greet people with a polite "buenos días" or "buenas tardes".
- Internet and Connectivity: Consider a SIM card for internet connectivity, which is affordable and useful for navigation and communication. Wi-Fi is prevalent in hotels and cafes.
- Pack Accordingly: Colombia’s varied geography requires thoughtful packing. Include both rain gear and sunscreen, and consider local dress customs when choosing your wardrobe.
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